Shift to higher welfare standards impacts turkey chick numbers

The German turkey industry is experiencing significant changes as it adapts to higher animal welfare standards, leading to a decrease in turkey chick numbers. Despite Germany's position as the leading turkey producer in the EU, the industry faces challenges that could impact its future.

Market Background

Germany remains the top turkey producer in the European Union, accounting for nearly a quarter of the EU's turkey production with approximately 400,000 tonnes of slaughter weight in the previous year. However, the number of turkey chicks has declined from 33.5 million in 2015 to 25.2 million in 2024. This reduction is attributed to both past avian influenza outbreaks and the recent transition to higher welfare standards.

Implications for Production

The shift towards higher housing standards has resulted in fewer turkeys being raised within the same capacity. According to Heinz Bosse, managing director of Kartzfehn, Germany's largest turkey breeder, the industry has rapidly adopted these standards in response to retail demands. However, this transition poses economic challenges, as only 40% of turkey meat is sold fresh in Germany, while 60% is processed or sold in bulk, where welfare standards are less relevant. The increased production costs must be absorbed by the fresh market, raising concerns about price management.

Infrastructure and Legal Challenges

The industry also faces infrastructure constraints, with existing facilities unable to meet the demand for higher welfare housing. Bosse highlights the need for permits to upgrade existing facilities and build new ones to accommodate these changes. Additionally, ongoing legal proceedings concerning beak treatment practices add another layer of complexity. The German Animal Welfare Federation has initiated a lawsuit against Cloppenburg County, alleging leniency in granting permits for beak treatments. The outcome of this case could have implications for future practices.

In conclusion, while the German turkey industry continues to lead in production, the transition to higher welfare standards presents both logistical and economic challenges. The industry must navigate these changes carefully to maintain its position in the market.

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