EU beef production falls 4% while imports rise 13% in 2025

The European beef market is experiencing notable shifts as imports rise in response to declining production. This trend is impacting prices and trade dynamics across the continent.

Production Decline

In 2025, EU beef production has decreased by 4% compared to the previous year, amounting to 4.2 million tonnes from January to August. Among the main producers, the Netherlands and Germany have seen significant reductions of 11% and 8% respectively. France, the largest EU beef producer, also reported a 3% decrease. Overall, cattle slaughter numbers have dropped by 5%, reflecting a tighter supply situation.

Price Dynamics

The reduced supply has led to an increase in beef prices. For the week beginning 10 November, the average EU R3 grade steer price was recorded at EUR 7.41 /KG, which is EUR 2.35 /KG higher than the same period in 2024. This upward trend is expected to persist as forecasts indicate continued production challenges into 2026. In Ireland, the R3 grade steer price averaged EUR 7.52, slightly lower than the Great Britain price, yet still buoyed by limited supply.

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Trade Adjustments

In response to production declines, EU beef imports have risen by 13% to 195,600 tonnes from January to September 2025. This increase is primarily driven by imports from South American countries, with Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay significantly boosting their export volumes to the EU. Conversely, EU beef exports have declined by 12% due to high prices and limited availability, with notable decreases in shipments to the UK and Turkey.

Market Outlook

The current market conditions suggest that the EU beef sector will continue to face challenges. The combination of reduced domestic production and increased reliance on imports is likely to sustain high price levels. As the market adjusts to these changes, stakeholders will need to navigate the evolving trade landscape carefully.

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